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Overloading Operators in the ComplexNumber Class in C#

In this exercise, we will improve the ComplexNumber class to support operator overloading for addition and subtraction of complex numbers. Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part (e.g., 2 + 3i). The class will include methods to add and subtract complex numbers using the + and - operators. We will overload the + and - operators so that they can be used directly on ComplexNumber objects.

The + operator will add the real and imaginary parts of two complex numbers separately, and the - operator will subtract the real and imaginary parts of two complex numbers. After overloading these operators, we will be able to use them in expressions just like standard operators.



Group

Advanced Classes in C#

Objective

1. Create a class ComplexNumber with real and imaginary parts.
2. Overload the + operator to add two complex numbers.
3. Overload the - operator to subtract two complex numbers.
4. Create a ToString method to display the complex number in the format "(real, imaginary)".
5. Test the overloaded operators by creating instances of the ComplexNumber class and performing addition and subtraction.

Improve the "ComplexNumber" class, so that it overloads the operators + and - to add and subtract numbers.

Example C# Exercise

 Copy C# Code 
using System;

class ComplexNumber
{
    // Private fields to store the real and imaginary parts of the complex number
    private double real;
    private double imaginary;

    // Constructor to initialize a complex number with real and imaginary parts
    public ComplexNumber(double real, double imaginary)
    {
        this.real = real;
        this.imaginary = imaginary;
    }

    // Getter for the real part
    public double Real
    {
        get { return real; }
    }

    // Getter for the imaginary part
    public double Imaginary
    {
        get { return imaginary; }
    }

    // Overload the + operator to add two complex numbers
    public static ComplexNumber operator +(ComplexNumber c1, ComplexNumber c2)
    {
        // Add the real parts and the imaginary parts separately
        return new ComplexNumber(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary);
    }

    // Overload the - operator to subtract two complex numbers
    public static ComplexNumber operator -(ComplexNumber c1, ComplexNumber c2)
    {
        // Subtract the real parts and the imaginary parts separately
        return new ComplexNumber(c1.real - c2.real, c1.imaginary - c2.imaginary);
    }

    // Method to return the magnitude (absolute value) of the complex number
    public double GetMagnitude()
    {
        return Math.Sqrt(real * real + imaginary * imaginary);
    }

    // Method to return the complex number as a string
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return $"({real}, {imaginary})";
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create two complex numbers
        ComplexNumber c1 = new ComplexNumber(2, 3);  // Complex number 2 + 3i
        ComplexNumber c2 = new ComplexNumber(1, 4);  // Complex number 1 + 4i

        // Display the two complex numbers
        Console.WriteLine("Complex Number 1: " + c1);
        Console.WriteLine("Complex Number 2: " + c2);

        // Add the two complex numbers using the overloaded + operator
        ComplexNumber sum = c1 + c2;
        Console.WriteLine("Sum: " + sum);  // Expected output: (3, 7)

        // Subtract the two complex numbers using the overloaded - operator
        ComplexNumber difference = c1 - c2;
        Console.WriteLine("Difference: " + difference);  // Expected output: (1, -1)
    }
}

 Output

Complex Number 1: (2, 3)
Complex Number 2: (1, 4)
Sum: (3, 7)
Difference: (1, -1)

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