Installation and Configuration
Programming Methodology

Encapsulation

In this exercise, you will learn about the concept of **Encapsulation** in Java, a key technique in **object-oriented programming**. You will discover how to protect a class's internal data using access modifiers and how to expose only what is necessary using **getters** and **setters** methods. Through practical examples, you will improve your understanding of how to organize and protect information in your code, making it easier to maintain and preventing unexpected changes in the state of objects.

Topic

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Java Exercise

In this exercise, you will create a Java program that defines a class named Employee with private attributes such as name, age, and salary. You will use access modifiers to protect these attributes and provide access through public getters and setters methods. The objective is to show how encapsulation allows you to control access and modification of a class's data, ensuring the object's integrity.

Instructions:

  1. Create a class named Employee with private attributes name, age, and salary.
  2. Define getters and setters methods to access and modify attribute values.
  3. In the main method, create an object of the Employee class, use the setters methods to assign values, and then display the data using the getters methods.

This exercise will help you understand how to use encapsulation to protect data within a class and expose it in a controlled manner, a fundamental principle in programming. object-oriented.


public class Employee {
    // Private attributes
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private double salary;

    // Constructor to initialize the attributes
    public Employee(String name, int age, double salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    // Getter and Setter for the 'name' attribute
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // Getter and Setter for the 'age' attribute
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    // Getter and Setter for the 'salary' attribute
    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an Employee object
        Employee employee1 = new Employee("Juan Pérez", 30, 2500.00);

        // Use getters to display employee details
        System.out.println("Name: " + employee1.getName());
        System.out.println("Age: " + employee1.getAge());
        System.out.println("Salary: " + employee1.getSalary());

        // Modify attributes using setters
        employee1.setSalary(3000.00);
        System.out.println("\nUpdated salary: " + employee1.getSalary());
    }
}

 Output:

Name: Juan Pérez
Age: 30
Salary: 2500.00

Updated Salary: 3000.00

This program shows how **Encapsulation** in Java allows you to control access to a class's data using getters and setters methods, thus ensuring data integrity and security.


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